Diseases of the Reptile Renal System.

Renal disease accounts for a considerable amount of morbidity and mortality in reptiles, in part owing to inadequate husbandry practices, such as inappropriate temperature, humidity, and access to water. Inappropriate husbandry practices may lead to subclinical dehydration that can specifically impact the renal system, which relies on vascular perfusion to function. This article aims to highlight urinary pathophysiology and summarize infectious and noninfectious causes of renal disease in reptiles as a guide for differential diagnoses to consider during clinical evaluation.