Imaging in Axial Spondyloarthritis: What is Relevant for Diagnosis in Daily Practice?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To explore how imaging may assist diagnosing axial spondyloarthritis in rheumatology practice.

RECENT FINDINGS: A diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis is based on pattern recognition by synthesizing clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings. In health care settings providing low threshold access to advanced imaging, sacroiliac joint MRI is the preferred imaging modality in clinically suspected axial spondyloarthritis. In daily routine, the optimum protocol to assess suspected inflammatory back pain combines sacroiliac joint and spine MRI fitting a 30-min slot. Contextual assessment of concomitant structural and active MRI lesions is key to enhance diagnostic utility. In women with postpartum back pain suggestive of axial spondyloarthritis, recent reports advocate waiting 6-12 months after delivery before acquiring sacroiliac joint MRI. Major unmet needs are consistent MRI protocols, standardized training modules on how to evaluate axial MRI, and timely dissemination of imaging advances into mainstream practice both in rheumatology and in radiology. In rheumatology practice, MRI has become indispensable to help diagnose early axial spondyloarthritis. However, major gaps in training and knowledge transfer to daily care need to be closed.