Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta): A Case Report.

Pulmonary tuberculosis caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) was diagnosed in a 6-year-old female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) presented with a three-month history of intermittent coughing, dyspnea, weight loss, and inappetence. Hematological evaluation revealed moderate regenerative anemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis, while the thoracic radiography demonstrated a diffuse nodular interstitial pulmonary pattern consistent with tuberculosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by IS6110-targeted PCR. This case underscores the utility of combining radiographic and molecular diagnostic approaches for the early confirmation of tuberculosis in nonhuman primates and highlights its important zoonotic implications.