Listeriosis: a re-emerging threat to public health-a comprehensive review of its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control measures.

BACKGROUND

Listeria monocytogenes, a bacterium responsible for listeriosis, presents a considerable public health risk due to its high mortality rate and ability to cause severe disease, particularly in vulnerable populations. Elucidating the pathogen's history, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and virulence mechanisms is essential for developing effective control strategies and therapeutic approaches.

METHOD: This comprehensive review examines L. monocytogenes, encompassing its historical context, epidemiological patterns, clinical presentation, and virulence determinants, as well as current diagnostic techniques and management guidelines. A systematic search of databases was performed to identify pertinent peer-reviewed literature, government reports, and clinical guidelines.

RESULTS

The review underscores key features of listeriosis, including its historical development, epidemiological trends, notable outbreaks and their public health implications, Listeria pathogenesis, and virulence attributes, recent advancements in detection and prevention, and the economic and social consequences of the disease. The findings highlight the importance of listeriosis as a foodborne pathogen and underscore the need for continued research and vigilance.

CONCLUSION

L. monocytogenes remains a significant public health concern, requiring sustained research efforts and enhanced control measures to mitigate its impact. Future research initiatives should prioritize improving detection, prevention, and treatment strategies to alleviate the burden of listeriosis.