Vascular Consequences of Hyperuricemia and Hypouricemia.

There are more than 10,000 articles in the literature published since 1999 that appear in a search of hyperuricemia and hypouricemia for vascular events. Systematic reviews were reviewed for this time frame, numbering approximately 300 articles in addition to more than 400 reports of randomized clinical trials published since 2017. In summary, the epidemiologic associations of hyperuricemia and hypouricemia with vascular disease are confounded by comorbid conditions. The interventional data are suggestive of a relationship of gout and vascular disease and to a lesser extent hyperuricemia and hypertension; however, more interventional studies are necessary to confirm these relationships.