mNGS-Identified Mycobacterium porcinum Infection in a Newly Diagnosed Person With HIV Presenting With Recurrent Suppurative Cervical Lymphadenitis.

Although reports of human infection caused by Mycobacterium porcinum (M. porcinum) have gradually increased in recent years, cases occurring in people with HIV (PWH) remain rare, and the association between M. porcinum infection and suppurative cervical lymphadenitis in PWH has not been previously reported. In this case, metagenomic next-generation sequencing was used to rapidly identify M. porcinum from a pus specimen obtained from a newly diagnosed person with HIV presenting with suppurative cervical lymphadenitis as the initial manifestation. Recognition of these rare clinical features may improve understanding of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in PWH and their diverse clinical presentations.