Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease: The Role of Surgical Management.

Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) is a frequent and underrecognized cause of chronic respiratory morbidity, characterized by heterogeneous structural and functional sequelae following microbiological cure of tuberculosis. Although most patients are managed with medical therapy, rehabilitation, and bronchoscopic interventions, a selected subset develops irreversible disease requiring surgical treatment. This article focuses on PTLD, emphasizing the role of surgical management within multidisciplinary care, and discusses the underlying pathophysiology, clinical phenotypes, diagnostic approach, and surgical indications, including bronchiectasis, hemoptysis, destroyed lung, aspergillosis, and airway stenosis.