Enhancing core stability and strength through abdominal drawing-in maneuver training using a sphygmomanometer: A narrative review.

BACKGROUND: The transversus abdominis (TrA) muscle plays a crucial role in lumbar spine stability and core strength. Activation of the TrA is commonly achieved through the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM). Dysfunction in the deep abdominal muscles is often linked to low back pain and instability. The ADIM technique involves drawing the navel inward toward the spine while maintaining a neutral spine position and normal breathing, thereby engaging the TrA. Sphygmomanometer is a valuable tool for measuring muscle activation, tracking changes in pressure, and ensuring core stability and strength during training.

METHODOLOGY: This narrative review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A search across PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and MEDLINE included studies (2010-2024) on ADIM training for TrA activation using a sphygmomanometer. RCTs, observational and Systematic review were included. The PEDro scale assessed study quality, and two independent reviewers conducted data extraction and analysis.

RESULTS: A total of sixteen studies (n = 833) demonstrated the effectiveness of ADIM training in activating the TrA muscle, with the sphygmomanometer providing high reliability (ICC = 0.995-0.999) in assessing muscle activation. This review emphasizes the importance of proper training techniques, including visual cues, and biofeedback, to ensure optimal engagement of the deep abdominal muscles.

CONCLUSION: ADIM training is a highly effective strategy for activating the TrA muscle and improving core stability. Sphygmomanometer provides a reliable and objective measurement of muscle strength and activation. Therefore, ADIM should be integrated into rehabilitation and training programs aimed at enhancing core function and preventing low back pain.