[Primary hyperparathyroidism].

Primary hyperparathyroidism is frequent. Most new cases are diagnosed in post-menopausal women, and are mildly progressive. Surgery is imperative for patients under 50, for symptomatic patients, especially with osteoporosis. Familial hyperparathyroidism can be related to mutations of the menin (MEN1), Ret (MEN2), HRPT 1 and 2 genes or calcium sensor, and have different management, work-up and prognosis.