Normal anatomy, variants and pitfalls on shoulder MRI.

MR imaging of the shoulder is widely used for assessment of impingement and instability-related clinical conditions. The following review article demonstrates the normal anatomy, variations and classical pitfalls. In addition to classical pitfalls (sublabral hole, sublabral recess, Buford complex) the authors focus on a number of normal, bony, cartilaginous, ligamentous and tendinous structures that can simulate disease at the shoulder. In addition, ways to distinguish these pitfalls from true shoulder abnormalities are shown.