Scaphoid and Carpal Bone Fracture: The Difficult Cases and Approach to Management.

Scaphoid and carpal bone fractures are challenging injuries to manage and have significant functional implications. Prompt diagnosis is important and relies on systematic evaluation via history, examination, and imaging. Cross-sectional imaging is often helpful for diagnosis and treatment planning. Treatment for nondisplaced fractures is often closed but these injuries typically require prolonged immobilization and may still result in nonunion or avascular necrosis. Displaced carpal bone fractures, and those associated with carpal instability, typically require open reduction internal fixation.