Risk Factors Associated With Peri-Implant Marginal Bone Loss Among Japanese Patients Receiving Supportive Periodontal Therapy: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to investigate patient-related and prosthetic factors associated with peri-implant marginal bone loss (MBL) in patients receiving supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent implant treatment and continued SPT for at least 10 years. MBL was evaluated using standardized dental radiographs obtained at baseline (1 year after prosthesis placement) and at follow-up (over 10 years after baseline). Patient-related factors (age, sex, history of diabetes mellitus, history of periodontitis, plaque control record [PCR], smoking, parafunctional habits, jaw position, and keratinized mucosa width [KMW]) and prosthetic factors (number of occlusal supports, fixation type, connection type, splinting, emergence profile [EP], and emergence angle [EA]) were analyzed. A standard linear mixed model assuming a normal distribution and identity link was applied, with patient and clinician as random effects.

RESULTS

Data from 192 patients (600 implants) were analyzed in this study. Significant associations with MBL were observed for history of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), history of periodontitis (p = 0.027), fewer occlusal supports (p = 0.002), mandibular location (p = 0.002), KMW < 2 mm (p = 0.021), cement-retained prosthesis (p < 0.001), EA ≥ 30° (p = 0.006), and implant-abutment joint type (p = 0.021). PCR (p = 0.506) and smoking (p = 0.720) were not significantly associated with MBL.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients receiving SPT, history of diabetes, history of periodontitis, jaw position, insufficient KMW, and prosthetic features such as EA and fixation type were associated with MBL.