Osteoporosis-mediated exacerbation of the amyloid-β pathology: Involvement of serum calcium.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis (OP) are two common age-related degenerative diseases with similar epidemiological characteristics, yet their complex relationship and specific mechanistic intersections remain unclear. In this study, 775 individuals were divided into OP and non-OP groups. Results showed that OP was associated with elevated serum calcium levels and severer amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. Regression analysis indicated a positive correlation between serum calcium and Aβ PET levels. Mediation analysis further elucidated that serum calcium involved in the OP-mediated exacerbation of Aβ pathology. These findings suggested that serum calcium may be a bridge in the complex association between OP and AD.