Establishment and characterization of NCC-GCTB16-C1: novel patient-derived cell line of giant cell tumor of bone.

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive osteolytic bone tumor characterized by recurrent mutation in the H3-3A gene. Although surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, a considerable proportion of patients experience local recurrence or pulmonary metastasis, and effective systemic therapy has not yet been established. Given the inherent clinicopathological heterogeneity of GCTB, we established a novel patient-derived cell line, NCC-GCTB16-C1, from the primary tumor of a patient with GCTB to expand the experimental resources available for translational research. The cells exhibited stable proliferation over a 3-month period, retained the characteristic H3-3A mutation, and formed spheroids with variable morphologies under three-dimensional conditions. They also demonstrated invasive and migratory behavior consistent with the biological properties of GCTB. Proteomic analysis revealed that NCC-GCTB16-C1 exhibited properties similar to those of the original tumor tissue. Thus, NCC-GCTB16-C1 provides an in vitro model that faithfully reflects the molecular and phenotypic features of GCTB, offering a valuable tool for mechanistic studies and preclinical drug evaluation.