The role of innate lymphoid cells in kidney disease.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are crucial components of the innate immune system that facilitate rapid responses to tissue homeostasis, infection, injury, and inflammation. Recent studies have shown that ILCs can migrate from intestinal tissue to the kidneys, where they mediate immune function, playing an important role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic kidney diseases. This review addresses the latest research progress on ILCs in mucosal immunity and acute and chronic kidney diseases, focusing on the potential mechanisms of ILCs in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases, such as acute kidney injury, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and lupus nephritis. Future research directions for ILCs in relation to kidney diseases are also proposed. Overall, this review provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the pathogenesis of kidney diseases and for the development of targeted therapies.