Ultrasound-Guided Modified Out-of-Plane Approach With Micro-Convex Probe for Stellate Ganglion Block in Patient With Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia With Anticoagulation: A Case Report.

Stellate ganglion block (SGB) is effective in treating refractory ventricular tachycardia. The most common approach to ultrasound-guided SGB is in-plane with a liner probe. However, SGB is prone to hematoma formation as a result of vascular injury, particularly when anticoagulation is used. By performing a modified out-of-plane approach with a microconvex probe and separating the common carotid artery and thyroid cartilage, we were able to shorten the distance to the longus colli muscle. Furthermore, by performing compression with a microconvex probe while viewing an ultrasound image, we were able to achieve hemostasis.