Overview of osteomyelitis.

Osteomyelitis is becoming a more common infection. This increase has been associated with an increase in the number of orthopaedic surgical procedures and with severe bone trauma. The etiology of osteomyelitis is also changing, with more gram-negative and more polymicrobial infections due to both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. Underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular and sickle cell disease are associated with a poor cure rate when treated with antibiotics. The emergence of resistant strains of bacteria during the long-term treatment necessary for osteomyelitis has been documented, and continues to be a concern, as are the other side effects.