Testing of a Novel Method for Securing Ligaments Against Bone During Simultaneous Medial and Lateral Elbow Ligament Reconstruction.

PURPOSE: A ligament reconstruction method that simultaneously tensions the medial and lateral sides of the elbow and maintains tension with compression plates on the proximal ulna is proposed for the treatment of bidirectional elbow ligament instability. Graft slippage, catastrophic failure, and excessive displacement were evaluated. Biomechanical stability without graft slippage was hypothesized.

METHODS

Eight cadaveric ligament reconstruction simulations were created through the dissection of three cadaver arms. Each reconstruction was statically tested with 160 N in a manner where it was first augmented with an absorbable suture and then without. Then, 3 more ligament reconstruction simulations were created for dynamic testing with each undergoing testing at 80 N for 2,000 cycles at 2 Hz. Construct displacement and graft slippage were recorded for each load application.

RESULTS

No grafts failed catastrophically and no graft slippage was observed with either static or dynamic loading. Under static loading, the mean change in displacement between augmented and nonaugmented ligament reconstruction simulations was 28.7% ± 21% (augmented 3.95 ± 1.81 mm vs nonaugmented 4.89 ± 2.22 mm). The mean stiffness was 66.6 ± 26.6 N/mm for augmented and 64.6 ± 23.2 N/mm for nonaugmented simulations. With dynamic loading, the mean displacement for augmented graft ligament reconstruction simulations was 1.55 ± 0.16 mm compared with 2.18 ± 0.77 mm for nonaugmented reconstruction simulations.

CONCLUSIONS

This method of fixation to the proximal ulna for the simultaneous reconstruction of medial and lateral elbow ligaments successfully prevented graft slippage without excessive construct displacement during static and dynamic testing. Ligament augmentation with absorbable sutures decreased the construct displacement.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This ligament fixation method may be a viable alternative for the treatment of concomitant medial and lateral elbow instability.