Listeria monocytogenes peritonitis in an HIV-infected patient.

We report the first case of Listeria monocytogenes peritoneal dialysis (PD) peritonitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected individual successfully treated with intraperitoneal ampicillin, without the need for catheter removal. Suspicion of listerial infection in at-risk individuals is critical as empiric antimicrobial treatment for PD-associated infections may be ineffective against this organism.