Clinical assessment of cardiac impairment favored by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiology in patients with systemic sclerosis.

BACKGROUND

Cardiac involvement is a major cause of death in SSc, while early detection remains a challenge.

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical implications of cardiac impairment in SSc.

METHODS

Ninety-five consecutive SSc patients [55.6  (13.8) years old, 5.3  (8.1) years from diagnosis] were included in the study. Patients with heart diseases onset prior to SSc were excluded. All patients underwent two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiology (2D-STE) with measuring left and right ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS/RGLS). Clinical manifestation, laboratory evaluation (CRP, cTnI, antibodies, etc.) and ECG were collected at the same time. Comparisons between the SSc subgroups (lcSSc and dcSSc) were performed using Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U or Fisher's exact test. Binary logistic regression was applied to determine the independent effects of variables in cardiac impairment.

RESULTS

Early left and right ventricular impairment measured by GLS and RGLS were detected in 22.1% and 24.2% of the SSc patients, respectively. In comparison, only 2.1% showed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Impaired GLS was mainly observed in the basal and medial segments of anterior, lateral and posterior left ventricle walls, and more profound in dcSSc. Elevated CRP (OR 3.561 95% CI: 1.071, 11.839, P <0.05) was associated with reduced GLS/RGLS. The adoption of GLS/RGLS enhanced the efficacy of routine screening for cardiac impairment that 52.6% of patients showed potential cardiac impairment.

CONCLUSIONS

Cardiac impairment is a common manifestation in SSc. Increasing awareness of early cardiac impairment is warranted with elevated CRP and dcSSc.