Wearable Bioelectronics for Home-Based Monitoring and Treatment of Muscle Atrophy.

Muscle atrophy is a chronic disease caused by multiple factors, and there is currently no effective treatment or reliable diagnostic method. Similar review articles focus on the induction and summary of the pathogenic mechanism and traditional treatment of muscle atrophy. However, soft, portable, and efficient bioelectronic devices that are expected to achieve home diagnosis and treatment of the disease are more concerned, hoping to realize complete home care as soon as possible. The article includes: 1) Classification and summary of muscle atrophy-related diseases and pathways; 2) Mechanical sensors, electromyography (EMG), electrochemical sensors, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and ultrasonic patches for monitoring muscle atrophy; 3) Transcutaneous electrotherapy, bioelectronic implants, bioelectronic drug delivery devices, and ExoMuscles for treating muscle atrophy; 4) Electrode-tissue interface problems in muscle atrophy bioelectronics and feasible solutions. 5) Recommendations and prospects for integrated bioelectronic systems for home diagnosis and treatment of muscle atrophy in the future.