[Surgical vs. conservative therapy of diacapitular and high condylar fractures with dislocation. A comparison between MRI and axiography].

AIMS: At present the discussion about the correct management of high condylar and diacapitular fractures has been reopened. The aim of the present prospective study was to evaluate the role of condylar mobility, disk mobility, and vertical dimension regarding the postoperative functional outcome after open reduction and osteosynthesis compared to nonsurgical treatment.

METHODS

Since 1993 a total of 130 high condylar and diacapitular fractures have been treated by open reduction and osteosynthesis. Thirty-nine subjects with 51 fractures classes V and VI according to Spiessl and Schroll (surgical treatment, ST) were assessed postoperatively (mean 24 months) including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and axiography. Sixteen conservatively treated fractures served as a reference (conservative treatment, CT).

RESULTS

Surgically treated temporomandibular joints presented a better condylar mobility (11.4 mm after ST, 5.9 mm after CT) and a less remarked loss of vertical ramus height (1.6 mm after ST, 5.4 mm after CT). Conservatively treated high condylar fractures formed a nearthrosis with the articular eminence in an anteromedial malposition (x axis 6.9 mm, y axis 10.3 mm). Disk mobility was reduced in both groups (3.8 mm after CT, 5.8 mm after ST), with major interindividual variations after ST. Significant correlations were found in the surgically treated group between axiographic limitations and limitations of disk mobility (p < 0.01) or periarticular scar formations (p < 0.01). Helkimo indices after ST (31% symptom free, 67% light symptoms < 5 points) were clearly superior (p < 0.01) to conservative treatment, with 63% of the subjects presenting craniomandibular symptoms > 5 points.

CONCLUSIONS

According to the functional results observed, high condylar and diacapitular fractures will profit by open reduction and osteosynthesis. Only effective surgical procedures can preserve both disk mobility and vertical ramus height.