Calcium disorders of pregnancy.

This article begins with a discussion on changes in the maternal calcium-parathyroid axis in response to pregnancy, followed by calcium disorders that can take place during pregnancy. Hypercalcemia and its subsequent disorders, including hyperparathyroidism, hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, and thyroid disease, are reviewed. Also, hypocalcemia and its subsequent disorders, including hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, and hypomagnesemia, are addressed. Concluding the article are discussions on bone status and osteoporosis, calcium metabolism in pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia, and nephrolithiasis in pregnancy.