Listeria monocytogenes cholecystitis: a possible new syndrome.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently added potentially fatal Listeria monocytogenes infection to the list of opportunistic infections that can occur in patients who receive tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy. In this study, the first reported case of L monocytogenes cholecystitis associated with etanercept use is described. It also appears that tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy likely increases the risk for Listeria cholecystitis. Clinicians need to be aware of this association when selecting antimicrobial therapy for these patients.