Selected aspects of epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Poland: a multicenter pilot study.
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Tarasiuk Joanna, Kapica-Topczewska Katarzyna, Czarnowska Agata, Chorąży Monika, Snarska Katarzyna Krystyna, Kochanowicz Jan, Bartosik-Psujek Halina, Rościszewska-Żukowska Iwona, Czarnota Jolanta, Kalinowska Alicja, Kania Karolina, Ambrosius Wojciech, Siuda Joanna, Galus Weronika, Walawska-Hrycek Anna, Kaczmarczyk Aleksandra, Odzimek-Rajska Martyna, Dubiński Piotr, Jamroz-Wiśniewska Anna, Rejdak Konrad, Milewska-Jędrzejczak Marta, Głąbiński Andrzej, Domitrz Izabela, Sochań Patryk, Bednarczyk Natalia, Kubicka-Bączyk Katarzyna, Kwinta Robert, Adamczyk-Sowa Monika, Krzystanek Ewa, Lasek-Bal Anetta, Maciejowska Katarzyna, Zaborski Jacek, Podulka Aleksandra, Klus Marek, Dorobek Małgorzata, Zielińska-Turek Justyna, Palasik Witold, Pokryszko-Dragan Anna, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz Justyna, Nojszewska Monika, Podlecka-Piętowska Aleksandra, Sujkowska Kinga, Zakrzewska-Pniewska Beata, Zwiernik Jacek, Litwin Anna, Chmielewska Aleksandra, Kazmierchuk Ihor, Piwowarska Magdalena, Szajnoga Beata, Kliszczak Natalia, Wiercimok Sonia, Poziombka-Kaźmierczak Monika, Zwiernik Beata, Mycko Marcin, Siwek Tomasz, Brola Waldemar, Kułakowska Alina
Аннотация
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from patients with MS between February and April 2024 using a standardized questionnaire across 19 treatment centers in Poland.
RESULTS: The study included 3,165 MS patients (mean age, 42.03 years; female-to-male ratio, 2.2:1). The mean disease duration was 10.6 ± 7.85 years, with symptom onset at 30.66 ± 9.84 years and diagnosis at 32.74 ± 10.22 years. The mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was 2.58 ± 1.6, with mild disability (EDSS 0-3.5) in 78.35% of patients and moderate-to-severe disability (EDSS ≥ 4.0) in 21.65%. Multiple sclerosis subtypes included relapsing-remitting (RRMS) (86.87%), secondary progressive (SPMS) (7.04%), and primary progressive (PRMS) (6.03%). Relapses occurred in 20.43% of patients within the last year, with an overall annual relapse rate of 1.2 in this group. Monofocal onset of the disease was observed in 87.05% of patients, and multifocal onset in 12.95%. Comorbidities were present in 59.73% of patients. Diagnostic tests included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (99.84% of patients), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis (90.91% of patients), visual evoked potentials (VEP) (32.41% of patients), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) (16.11% of patients). At the time of data collection, 97.09% of patients were receiving DMTs, with the following distribution: dimethyl fumarate (25.91%), ofatumumab (16.44%), ocrelizumab (8.62%), teriflunomide (7.44%), natalizumab (5.80%), interferon beta-1a (5.58%), interferon beta-1b (4.97%), ozanimod (4.69%), siponimod (4.15%), glatiramer acetate (4.05%), fingolimod (3.29%), cladribine (3.20%), ponesimod (1.96%), and other therapies (0.88%).
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights substantial progress in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of MS in Poland over the past 15 years. The widespread implementation of MRI and CSF analysis, alongside significantly improved access to DMTs, has contributed to notably better clinical outcomes. These improvements are reflected in reduced relapse rates, slower disability progression, and a decreased prevalence of secondary progressive MS.