Disseminated Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium Complex Co-infection in a Newly Diagnosed HIV Patient: A Case Report.

Disseminated extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are both serious opportunistic infections (OIs), commonly encountered in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with HIV. Co-infection with both pathogens is rare but can present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report the case of a 45-year-old male who was newly diagnosed with HIV infection and who developed disseminated extrapulmonary TB alongside pulmonary MAC, highlighting the complexities of diagnosis, treatment, and management in the context of dual mycobacterial infections. This case underscores the importance of early recognition and coordinated care in managing multi-pathogen infections in immunocompromised patients.