Evaluation of Small Mothers against Decapentaplegic 3 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta Levels in Relation to Lung Fibrosis and Function in Treated Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients.

INTRODUCTION

Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health issue, with posttreatment fibrosis negatively affecting pulmonary function and patient quality of life. This research investigated the processes driving post-TB pulmonary fibrosis and its impact on patients.

METHODS

This research involved a cohort of 38 pulmonary TB patients undergoing intensive treatment for 2 months. Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) and Small Mothers Against Decapentaplegic 3 (SMAD3) levels were quantified pre- and posttreatment using the Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay method. Fibrosis was evaluated via thoracic imaging, and lung function was assessed through spirometry.

RESULTS

TGFβ and SMAD3 levels were decreased post-treatment (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01). A significant association existed between postintervention SMAD3 levels and the occurrence of fibrosis (P = 0.03) and diminished lung function (P = 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that post-intervention SMAD3 exhibited an area under the curve of 0.8, with a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 71%, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for fibrosis.

CONCLUSION

Levels of TGFβ and SMAD3 following pulmonary TB treatment are linked to fibrosis and reduced lung function. SMAD3 post-intervention may be a fibrosis biomarker in pulmonary TB patients.