[Neonatal infection with Listeria monocytogenes: rare, but serious].

Between 1993 and 2003, three infants, two girls and a boy, were found to have an invasive infection with Listeria monocytogenes. They received intensive care including respiratory and circulatory support, antibiotics, and treatment of the neurological complications when possible. One of the girls survived without sequelae but the other two infants died in the neonatal period. In one of these two cases there was a clear clue to the source of the infection in the dietary history of the mother: she had consumed unpasteurised cow's milk. The mothers ofthe infants that died had developed fever shortly before parturition. In The Netherlands, the incidence of neonatal invasive infection with Listeria is estimated at 1.3 per 100,000 live-born children per year. This figure seems not to have changed in the last 20 years. Because of the risk of this rare but serious infection, dietary advice to pregnant women to avoid possibly contaminated food is still relevant.