The association between erythrocyte count and latent tuberculosis infection in US participants: a cross-sectional study from NHANES.

BACKGROUND

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) poses significant challenges to public health, with an estimated one-quarter of the global population infected and a potential risk of progression to active tuberculosis (TB). Currently, there is insufficient evidence available regarding the association between erythrocyte count and tuberculosis infection.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the relationship between erythrocyte count and LTBI using a cross-sectional design, incorporating univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

METHODS

We enrolled 3923 participants in this study, and compared the baseline characteristics of participants involved. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis, along with subgroup analysis and interaction tests were utilized to explore the association between erythrocyte count and LTBI risk.

RESULTS

Among 3923 participants,430(10.96 %) were considered as having latent TB infection.A significant positive association between erythrocyte count and LTBI was revealed, with multivariate analysis odds ratio (OR) of 1.37 (95 % CI: 1.12, 1.67).And maintaining an OR of 1.51 (95 % CI: 1.08-2.12) after adjusting for potential confounders.They were statistically significant.Subgroup analysis in gender, race, marriage, education, drinking, smoking, and diabetes found no interaction, demonstrating robust results.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that erythrocyte count may serve as an important risk factor for LTBI, providing new insights for early screening and intervention strategies. However,further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.