Induced Membrane Technique (Masquelet) for Bone Defects in the Distal Tibia, Foot, and Ankle: Systematic Review, Case Presentations, Tips, and Techniques.

Bone defects to the distal tibia, foot, and ankle can be challenging to reconstruct. The induced membrane (Masquelet) technique has become an established method of repair for challenging areas of bone loss. It has been applied in acute open fractures, chronic nonunion, osteomyelitis, and gout erosion. This article presents a systematic review of distal tibia, foot, and ankle results using the Masquelet procedure, which should be considered in cases of challenging critical bone loss. Further work is needed to present large studies of the procedure on foot and ankle patients to consolidate current knowledge.