Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026
Radiographic evaluation, risk factors, and socio-economic impact of metapodial and phalangeal lameness in dairy cows.
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El-Shafaey El-Sayed, Amin Yahia A, Tharwat Mohamed, Hamed Mohamed A, Abouelnasr Khaled, Al Mohamad Zakriya, Abdo Rizk Mohamed, Meligy Ahmed M A, Almofti Yassir A, Shousha Saad, El Sebaei Mahmoud G
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Lameness is a major welfare and economic concern in the dairy industry, yet lesions of the metapodial (canon bones) and phalanges remain relatively under-recognized compared with claw horn disorders. This study investigated the prevalence, radiographic characteristics, risk factors, and socio-economic impact of metapodial and phalangeal lameness in dairy cows.
METHODS: Over 12 months, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,050 Holstein-Friesian cows from three commercial farms with different flooring systems: concrete (n = 300), earthen (n = 350), and sand (n = 400). Risk factors including age, body weight, flooring type, limb involvement, and concurrent diseases were evaluated, along with the effects on weight gain, fertility, and milk yield.
RESULTS: 205 cows with clinical and radiographic evidence of metapodial and phalangeal lesions were identified. The overall prevalence of metapodial and phalangeal lesions was 19.52%. Flexural deformities (hyperflexion posture) were the most common lesion (29.27%), followed by exostosis (14.63%) and fractures (12.19%). Older cows (6-7 years) and heavier animals (500-600 kg) were significantly more affected (p < 0.05). Concrete flooring was strongly associated with increased lesion risk. Lesions occurred predominantly in the hindlimbs, especially the left hindlimb, and were commonly associated with clinical lameness and pain. Metapodial and phalangeal lesions significantly reduced weight gain, reproductive performance, and milk yield.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, metapodial and phalangeal lesions represent a significant clinical burden (n = 205/1,050) of cows represent a permanent loss of biological and economic longevity for the dairy farm. We have demonstrated that skeletal involvement is not an occasional complication but a primary driver of the lameness complex in modern dairy production. Radiographic evaluation is recommended for accurate early-stage detection to mitigate the substantial socio-economic burden of bovine lameness.
METHODS: Over 12 months, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,050 Holstein-Friesian cows from three commercial farms with different flooring systems: concrete (n = 300), earthen (n = 350), and sand (n = 400). Risk factors including age, body weight, flooring type, limb involvement, and concurrent diseases were evaluated, along with the effects on weight gain, fertility, and milk yield.
RESULTS: 205 cows with clinical and radiographic evidence of metapodial and phalangeal lesions were identified. The overall prevalence of metapodial and phalangeal lesions was 19.52%. Flexural deformities (hyperflexion posture) were the most common lesion (29.27%), followed by exostosis (14.63%) and fractures (12.19%). Older cows (6-7 years) and heavier animals (500-600 kg) were significantly more affected (p < 0.05). Concrete flooring was strongly associated with increased lesion risk. Lesions occurred predominantly in the hindlimbs, especially the left hindlimb, and were commonly associated with clinical lameness and pain. Metapodial and phalangeal lesions significantly reduced weight gain, reproductive performance, and milk yield.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, metapodial and phalangeal lesions represent a significant clinical burden (n = 205/1,050) of cows represent a permanent loss of biological and economic longevity for the dairy farm. We have demonstrated that skeletal involvement is not an occasional complication but a primary driver of the lameness complex in modern dairy production. Radiographic evaluation is recommended for accurate early-stage detection to mitigate the substantial socio-economic burden of bovine lameness.