Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2025
Signs and symptoms of carriers of non-DMD X-linked neuromuscular diseases: A scoping review.
СтатьяScoping ReviewНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Simons Job, Dekker Amanda, Govaarts Rosanne, Sarkozy Anna, Windpassinger Christian, Houwen Saskia, Voermans Nicol
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: It has been known for long that females carrying pathogenic variants in the DMD gene often report symptoms and/or exhibit signs of the disease. However, a notable knowledge gap exists concerning the signs and symptoms of female carriers of other X-linked neuromuscular diseases (XLNMDs).
OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive outline of existing literature regarding the signs and symptoms of carriers of non-DMD XLNMDs to raise awareness among both researchers and clinicians.
METHODS: Three electronic databases were used for the literature search (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science). Studies on the signs and symptoms of carriers of non-DMD XLNMDs were included.
RESULTS: We included 44 articles for this review with a total of 354 carriers of non-DMD XLNMDs (mean age 43.9 years, std. deviation 17.4). Muscular signs and symptoms were reported for 125 carriers (X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM): n = 96 (65%); Kennedy's disease (KD): n = 25 (32%); X-linked recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTXR): n = 2 (15%); Uruguay faciocardiomusculoskeletal syndrome (FCMSU): n = 1 (33%); Barth syndrome (BS): n = 1 (100%)). In terms of ancillary investigations, abnormalities in histopathology and imaging were the most frequent with 44 carriers having abnormalities found by these testing (XLMTM: n = 36 (24%); Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 1 (EDMD1): n = 4 (5%); KD: n = 4 (5%) / XLMTM: n = 18 (12%); EDMD1: n = 1 (1%); KD: n = 5 (6%); X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy (XMPMA): n = 19 (83%); BS: n = 1 (100%)). A difference between the number of EDMD1 carriers with cardiovascular signs and symptoms (n = 2 (1%)) and the number of carriers with abnormal electrocardiography tests (n = 20 (23%)) was also noted.
CONCLUSION: Carriers of non-DMD XLNMDs exhibit a variety of signs and symptoms that could impact quality of life, making it vital for clinicians to be aware of these patients.
OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive outline of existing literature regarding the signs and symptoms of carriers of non-DMD XLNMDs to raise awareness among both researchers and clinicians.
METHODS: Three electronic databases were used for the literature search (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science). Studies on the signs and symptoms of carriers of non-DMD XLNMDs were included.
RESULTS: We included 44 articles for this review with a total of 354 carriers of non-DMD XLNMDs (mean age 43.9 years, std. deviation 17.4). Muscular signs and symptoms were reported for 125 carriers (X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM): n = 96 (65%); Kennedy's disease (KD): n = 25 (32%); X-linked recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTXR): n = 2 (15%); Uruguay faciocardiomusculoskeletal syndrome (FCMSU): n = 1 (33%); Barth syndrome (BS): n = 1 (100%)). In terms of ancillary investigations, abnormalities in histopathology and imaging were the most frequent with 44 carriers having abnormalities found by these testing (XLMTM: n = 36 (24%); Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 1 (EDMD1): n = 4 (5%); KD: n = 4 (5%) / XLMTM: n = 18 (12%); EDMD1: n = 1 (1%); KD: n = 5 (6%); X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy (XMPMA): n = 19 (83%); BS: n = 1 (100%)). A difference between the number of EDMD1 carriers with cardiovascular signs and symptoms (n = 2 (1%)) and the number of carriers with abnormal electrocardiography tests (n = 20 (23%)) was also noted.
CONCLUSION: Carriers of non-DMD XLNMDs exhibit a variety of signs and symptoms that could impact quality of life, making it vital for clinicians to be aware of these patients.