[Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease].

Definitive diagnosis of chondrocalcinosis (CC) is allowed by identification of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals in synovial fluid. In daily practice, X-Rays are the most frequent imaging used to detect CC. Most cases of CC are sporadic. If CC occurs before 60 years of age, primary metabolic disorders such as hyperparathyroidism, hypomagnesemia, and hemochromatosis or a familial predisposition should be particularly considered. Treatment of CPP arthritis includes application of ice, rest, joint aspiration and intra-articular injection of corticosteroids. Oral NSAIDs can be used cautiously, in particular in the elderly. Prophylaxis against frequent recurrent acute CPP crystal arthritis can be achieved with low-dose oral colchicine.