Interaction of ALDH2 and ALDH1A single-nucleotide polymorphisms with alcohol consumption and impact on osteoporosis risk.

BACKGROUND

Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disorder. This study examined the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) genes and osteoporosis risk in a Taiwanese population.

METHODS

A total of 67,410 participants from the Taiwan Biobank were classified as normal (n = 39,939), osteopenia (n = 22,449), or osteoporosis (n = 5022) according to WHO criteria. Genome-wide association analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). The Benjamini-Hochberg method was applied to control the false discovery rate (FDR).

RESULTS

Homozygous ALDH2 rs75162023 C > T was associated with higher osteoporosis risk (OR = 1.097; 95 % CI: 1.000-1.204), particularly among ever drinkers (OR = 1.383; 95 % CI: 1.043-1.832) and those drinking ≥24 months (OR = 1.535; 95 % CI: 1.064-2.214), but not among never drinkers. ALDH1A rs146758119 T > C was linked to osteopenia risk in drinkers (OR = 1.293; 95 % CI: 1.046-1.600), especially with long-term use (OR = 1.370; 95 % CI: 1.002-1.873). All associations lost significance after FDR correction.

CONCLUSION

The ALDH2 rs75162023 C > T variant may increase osteoporosis risk in individuals with chronic alcohol exposure. Reducing alcohol intake may benefit from avoiding alcohol to reduce osteoporosis risk in genetically susceptible individuals.