Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection in Bronchiectasis: A Narrative Review of Current Status and Future.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection and bronchiectasis are two distinct respiratory conditions, but bronchiectasis and pulmonary NTM infections are closely associated. NTM can cause bronchiectasis. However, bronchiectasis can create a favorable environment for NTM colonization and exacerbate the progression of NTM. Managing both conditions typically requires a comprehensive approach that addresses infection and the underlying structural lung damage.

METHODS

To perform this review, the author retrieved and assessed relevant articles related to NTM and bronchiectasis that have been published to date from databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar.

RESULTS

In this review, the close relationship between pulmonary NTM and bronchiectasis is described from the viewpoints of diagnosis, epidemiology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, host susceptibility, females and NTM, and treatment.

CONCLUSION

Timely diagnosis and management of NTM infections, especially in individuals with underlying risk factors, are essential to prevent disease progression and improve the quality of life of affected individuals.