Colchicine in clinical medicine. A guide for internists.

Colchicine (COL) has been used in medicine for a long time. It is well recognized as a valid therapy in acute flares of gouty arthritis, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), Behçet's disease, and recurring pericarditis with effusion. It has also been used to treat many inflammatory disorders prone to fibrosis, mostly with disappointing therapeutic results. The pharmacotherapeutic mechanism of action of COL in diverse diseases is not fully understood, thought it is known that the drug accumulates preferentially in neutrophils, and this effect is useful in FMF. COL shows a large interindividual bioavailability. Furthermore, interactions with drugs interfering with CYP3A4 dependent enzymes and P-glycoprotein occur and are clinically important. The dosage of COL must be reduced in patients with relevant hepatic and/or renal dysfunction. However, when appropriately used and contraindications have been excluded, oral COL is a safe treatment.