Pathomechanism and diagnostics of upper limb disorders in the course of degenerative changes in the cervical spine.

As a result of arthrotic changes in the cervical spine related to age, trauma, and mechanical wear on the tissues, the functionality of the nerve roots is compromised. Radiculopathy causes dysfunction of the upper limb. The present study, based on historical and contemporary sources, discusses the clinical and diagnostic problems of radiculopathy typical for degenerative diseases of the cervical spine. The anatomical and biomechanical complexity of the cervical spine, along with the particular pathomechanical conditions, explain the clinical features of radiculopathy. An understanding of these processes is crucial for the choice of ancillary tests to verify the clinical diagnosis confirmation and the interpretation of their results, as well as proper clinical management.