Secondary bacterial peritonitis due to Listeria monocytogenes after paracentesis.

Although it is a relatively rare cause of peritonitis, Listeria monocytogenes must be considered in cirrhotic patients with ascites and a suggestive clinical presentation. We believe this is the first report of a case of peritonitis due to L monocytogenes in a patient without sepsis, and the sixth reported case of bacterial peritonitis in a patient with cirrhosis.