Insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in lupus nephritis at Cho Ray hospital, Vietnam.

Introduction

The pathogenesis for poor kidney outcomes in lupus nephritis (LN) remains uncertain. There is limited evidence on the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism and LN with kidney failure.

Objectives

To determine the distribution of ACE I/D alleles and genotypes and the correlation between ACE I/D polymorphism and kidney outcomes in LN participants. Subjects and

Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted at Cho Ray Hospital (12/2021-07/2023). The LN participants were stratified into 3 groups based on the kidney function and kidney replacement therapy (KRT) on admission. The ACE I/D polymorphism was identified by the polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Among 208 LN participants, 71 were in group 1 (eGFR > 60), 55 in group 2 (eGFR ≤ 60 without KRT), 82 in group 3 (eGFR ≤ 60 with KRT). The skewed distribution among 3 groups were observed in D allele (20.4%, 35.5%, 37.2% in group 1, 2, 3, respectively, p = .003) and DD genotype (2.8%, 14.6%, 12.2% in group 1, 2, 3, respectively, p = .005). The ID/DD genotypes increased the susceptibility of kidney failure (eGFR ≤ 60 vs eGFR > 60: OR = 8.26 for DD genotype, OR = 2.31 for ID genotype) and KRT (KRT vs no KRT: OR = 2.01 for ID genotype).

Conclusions

The D allele and ID/DD genotypes are linked with the susceptibility of kidney failure in LN participants.