Pneumatosis intestinalis and pneumoretroperitoneum post steroid use in a patient with superior mesenteric artery syndrome.

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) refers to the presence of gas within the wall of the small or large intestine. PI can be both asymptomatic and life-threatening. The patient was a 50-year-old man with previous cervical spine abscess and osteomyelitis post debridement 4 years ago, with a heroin abuse history. He presented with abdominal distension ongoing for 4 days and vomiting for 3 times with fluid content. Abdominal computed tomography revealed pneumatosis with pneumoretroperitoneum. A surgeon was contacted and antibiotic treatment was started. The patient was kept on nothing per os and intravenous fluid supply. A drainage tube was inserted into retroperitoneum space on the same day. Tracing back his history, our patient was discharged from the hospital recently with a diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery dyndrome (SMAS), hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and asbestosis with soft tissue pleural plaques and calcified pleural plaques. During the hospitalization period, hydrocortisone dexamethasone and methylprednisolone were prescribed for hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Steroid use and SMAS maybe the cause of PI. Finally, he was discharged 5 days later with a nasojejunal and drainage tubes and was arranged for OPD follow-up. PI can be asymptomatic or life-threatening, and patient management varies based on the clinical condition. Although in this case PI was found in the emergency department, a patient's past history of underlying disease and medication should be reviewed to find the most possible etiology.