Catel-Manzke syndrome: two new patients and a critical review of the literature.

We report two new female patients with typical features of Catel-Manzke syndrome (MIM 302380) and the follow-up of the first patient affected by this syndrome. In addition to the Pierre Robin anomaly, the hallmark of this palatodigital syndrome is a bilateral hyperphalangy and clinodactyly of the index finger. Classified into four groups there are now (1) 23 reported cases of the typical, (2) six cases of the extended Catel-Manzke syndrome showing more than two accessory bones in the hand, (3) two patients showing unilateral hyperphalangy and clinodactyly of the index finger (4) two patients described with isolated features of the "Manzke dysostosis" without Pierre Robin anomaly. The karyotype of our three patients was normal. A search for submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities by array CGH was performed. In addition, we sequenced candidate genes which are known to be involved in phalangeal development. However, no pathogenic aberrations or mutations were found.