[Advances in the understanding of heterogeneous characteristics and comprehensive management of post-tuberculosis lung disease].

Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by symptoms such as cough, fatigue and shortness of breath, along with chest imaging abnormalities, and impaired lung function in some patients. Even after successful treatment, nearly 30%-50% of patients continue to suffer from various forms of PTLD, causing great harm to individuals and societies. The etiology and pathogenesis of PTLD are complex and involve the interaction of the host immune response, pathogens and environmental factors. Due to the limited understanding of PTLD, it is often underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. Therefore, it is crucial to increase clinicians' awareness of this condition. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of PTLD.