Critical Perspectives on Global Health Policy, Diagnostic Access and Practice Gaps towards a Tuberculosis Free India.

Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant public health challenge in India. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), India tops the list of 30 countries responsible for 87% of global TB cases in 2023. Recent data indicates that India's TB incidence rate was 195 cases per 100,000 population in 2023, accounting for approximately 26% of global TB cases. Global health organizations like the WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emphasize molecular techniques, such as Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CB-NAAT), sequencing, and serological tests, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of TB diagnosis. The Government of India initiated the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP), aiming for a TB-free India by 2025. Despite the efforts, practice gaps remain in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. Accelerated strategies focusing on early detection, management of latent TB, and control of drug resistance are critical. This review explores global guidelines, highlights implementation challenges, and suggests pathways for achieving effective TB control in India.