Изменение клинических и лабораторных характеристик прогрессивной многофокальной лейкоэнцефалопатии: ретроспективное национальное когертное исследование.
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Mainardi Ilaria, Gerevini Simonetta, Tarantino Andrea, Vercesi Riccardo, Catalano Gaia, Garcia Martearena Maria Del Carmen, Negri Marcella, Vezzulli Paolo, Bestetti Arabella, Moiola Lucia, Boschini Antonio, Calcagno Andrea, Del Bono Laura, Gallo Antonio, Mena Maurizio, Moioli Maria Cristina, Castagna Antonella, Filippi Massimo, Lazzarin Adriano, Cinque Paola, PML Study Group
Аннотация
Оригинал публикации
Changing Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Retrospective National Cohort Study.
BACKGROUND: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe demyelinating disease caused by JC polyomavirus (JCV), affecting immunocompromised individuals. We describe PML demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics and survival over time and according to underlying condition in a large retrospective patient cohort.
METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort including Italian PML patients observed between 1987 and 2024, with known year of diagnosis and underlying disease.
RESULTS: We included 456 cases with either a definite (n = 376, 82.4%) or clinico-radiological (n = 80, 17.6%) PML diagnosis. The relative frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cases decreased through four time periods (1987-1996; 1997-2004; 2005-2012; 2013-2024) from 99% to 43%, in parallel with increasing age (P < .0001), proportion of women (P < .001) and CD4+ counts (P < .001) but not cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or plasma JCV-DNA levels at diagnosis. One-year survival probability increased from 23.8% in 1987-1996 to 59.2% in 2013-2024, with highest values in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis (93.8%), followed by combination antiretroviral treatment (cART)-treated HIV infection (55%), hematological malignancies (50.8%), primary immunodeficiencies (41.3%), and cART-untreated HIV infection (11.9%). At multivariate analysis excluding cART-untreated people with HIV, JCV-DNA levels in both CSF and plasma were independently associated with an increased mortality risk of 2.9% and 7.2%, respectively, for each Log increase in JCV-DNA.
CONCLUSIONS: This observational study showed a changing epidemiological context over 37 years. Although survival improved over time, it remained poor even in the last decade, with a one-year survival probability of 59.2%.