Foveal thickness and vascular variables in adolescents born moderate-to-late preterm.

PURPOSE: It is well established that children born very preterm are at increased risk for ocular abnormalities including altered foveal morphology. However, little is known about how children born moderate-to-late preterm (MLP), gestational age 32 + 0-36 + 6 weeks, are affected later in life. This study investigates foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, vascular density (VD), central foveal thickness (CFT) and ganglion cell layer thickness (GCL++) of adolescents born MLP without history of retinopathy of prematurity and compare the results with full-term controls.

METHODS

In a prospective population-based cohort study, 50 adolescents (26 girls; mean age 16.5 years) born MLP were examined with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A). FAZ and VD were obtained from OCT-A scans and adjusted for ocular magnification. CFT and GCL++ were obtained from the OCT scans. The results from the MLP individuals were compared with the results from 49 healthy full-term controls (29 girls; mean age 16.7 years).

RESULTS

The results showed statistically significant differences in FAZ area (0.22 vs 0.28 mm2; p = 0.0032) and CFT (198.1 vs 187.1 μm; p = 0.0010) between the MLP group and controls. Strong correlations between FAZ area and CFT (r = -0.773, p < 0.0001) and GCL++ (r = -0.924, p < 0.0001) were found in the MLP group. There were no differences in VD.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results show that adolescents born MLP have a smaller FAZ area and an increased CFT compared with full-term controls. These results indicate that adolescents born MLP have similar parafoveal changes as children born extreme or very preterm.