A pilot study of stellate ganglion block paired with exposure therapy: Feasibility and acceptability in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

BACKGROUND

There is growing evidence that stellate ganglion block (SGB) combined with trauma-focused therapy may help veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) whose symptoms have not responded to traditional treatments. By combining SGB with in vivo exposure, veterans may be more able to fully engage in treatment and see improvement in their overall functioning.

OBJECTIVE

The primary aim of this project was to conduct a nonrandomized pilot trial on the feasibility and acceptability of delivering SGB paired with individual psychotherapy to veterans with combat-related PTSD.

METHOD: Eligible veterans (N = 14) constructed a hierarchy of in vivo exposure exercises, received the SGB procedure, and attended four additional weekly psychotherapy sessions with a focus on exposure exercises. Participants completed measures at baseline, weekly during treatment, and follow-up assessments immediately posttreatment and 1-month later.

RESULTS

The recruitment target was easily met, session attendance was strong, and dropout was relatively low (21.4%). SGB was well tolerated with only mild, transient side effects. Participants reported satisfaction with the treatment they received as measured by the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (M = 28.8). Paired t test analyses revealed a significant decrease in PTSD symptoms as measured by the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. We also observed a significant reduction in PTSD symptoms as measured by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 in mixed models, F(2, 13) = 8.68, p = .004. There were no significant improvements in psychosocial functioning or quality of life.

CONCLUSION

SGB paired with psychotherapy is feasible and acceptable to veterans and holds promise for symptom reduction among veterans with combat-related PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).