Associations of Giardia lamblia assemblages with HIV infections and symptomatology: HIV virus and assemblage B were they born to each other?

Giardia lamblia is an intestinal parasite that has an extensive genetic variation among isolates. This species is divided into eight different assemblages (A-H), but only assemblages A and B have been associated with human infections. Studies on the associations of G. lamblia assemblages and symptoms have been done but were inconclusive. The aim of this study was to correlate G. lamblia assemblages with symptoms in patients with and without HIV/AIDS and its association with the CD4T cell count. The cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients attending the Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI/FIOCRUZ) in Rio de Janeiro from January 2011 to February 2015. Thirty-eight of 65 microscopically positive stool samples for G. lamblia were from HIV positive patients and 27 were from HIV negative patients. Of the HIV infected patients, 19 (55.9%) were genotyped as assemblage B of which 9 (47.4%) had a CD4Tcell count below 200cells/mm3. In addition, we found a greater number of samples belonging to assemblage B in symptomatic cases (11 of 19; 57.9%). Our data suggest that assemblage B is very likely to be found in HIV infected patients and probably the lower CD4T count gives advantages for assemblage B replication. Furthermore, assemblage B seems to be associated with symptomatology, particularly abdominal pain, asthenia, diarrhea, fever, headache and myalgia. This study provides information on G. lamblia assemblages and symptoms in patients with and without HIV/AIDS virus and their association with CD4Tcell counts.