American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics · 2026
Skeletal and biological predictors of chin soft-tissue thickness and curvature radius in Korean pediatric patients: A cone-beam computed tomography and 3-dimensional facial scanning study.
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Choi Eun-Hack Andrew, Shim Eun A, Youn Jeong Hyeon, Mangal Utkarsh, Kim Harim, Choi Sung-Hwan
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: We conducted this study to quantify 3-dimensional chin soft-tissue thickness and curvature radius in Korean pediatric patients and to identify skeletal and biological predictors.
METHODS: This retrospective study included 40 pediatric patients (24 males and 16 females, aged 7-12 years). Cone-beam computed tomography and structured-light 3-dimensional facial scans were superimposed to measure soft-tissue thickness at the upper, middle, and lower levels, along with horizontal and vertical curvature radii. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), ANB, and SN-GoMe.
RESULTS: BMI was the sole significant predictor of soft-tissue thickness at all levels (P ≤ 0.001), with thickness increasing by 0.18-0.44 mm per unit kg/m2 increase in BMI. Similarly, BMI was the only predictor for the upper and middle horizontal curvature radii (P < 0.05). The lower horizontal radius was associated with both BMI (P = 0.002) and sex (P = 0.025), with females exhibiting a significantly smaller radius (β = -5.10 mm). Conversely, the vertical curvature radius was predicted independently by ANB (β = 1.91 mm/degree; P = 0.006), showing no association with BMI.
CONCLUSIONS: Chin soft-tissue thickness and horizontal curvature radius in pediatric patients are predominantly driven by BMI. Therefore, BMI must be considered during diagnostic interpretation and the design of orthopedic appliances that involve direct chin contact. However, the vertical chin contour remains a direct expression of the sagittal skeletal pattern, independent of biological factors such as age, sex, and BMI.
METHODS: This retrospective study included 40 pediatric patients (24 males and 16 females, aged 7-12 years). Cone-beam computed tomography and structured-light 3-dimensional facial scans were superimposed to measure soft-tissue thickness at the upper, middle, and lower levels, along with horizontal and vertical curvature radii. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), ANB, and SN-GoMe.
RESULTS: BMI was the sole significant predictor of soft-tissue thickness at all levels (P ≤ 0.001), with thickness increasing by 0.18-0.44 mm per unit kg/m2 increase in BMI. Similarly, BMI was the only predictor for the upper and middle horizontal curvature radii (P < 0.05). The lower horizontal radius was associated with both BMI (P = 0.002) and sex (P = 0.025), with females exhibiting a significantly smaller radius (β = -5.10 mm). Conversely, the vertical curvature radius was predicted independently by ANB (β = 1.91 mm/degree; P = 0.006), showing no association with BMI.
CONCLUSIONS: Chin soft-tissue thickness and horizontal curvature radius in pediatric patients are predominantly driven by BMI. Therefore, BMI must be considered during diagnostic interpretation and the design of orthopedic appliances that involve direct chin contact. However, the vertical chin contour remains a direct expression of the sagittal skeletal pattern, independent of biological factors such as age, sex, and BMI.