Recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor produced in Nicotiana benthamiana enhances cell viability and wound healing.

Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), also known as FGF2, is a multifunctional growth factor involved in several physiological and pathological processes, including angiogenesis, wound healing, and embryonic development. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of producing recombinant bFGF in Nicotiana benthamiana using a geminiviral transient expression vector. The primary objective was to assess the bioactivity of N. benthamiana-produced bFGF in comparison with commercially available recombinant bFGF preparations produced in different heterologous expression systems. NIH-3T3 cells were exposed to varying concentrations (0.5-1000 ng/mL) of plant-produced bFGF for 24 and 48 h. The assessment parameters included cell viability, cellular responses, and wound-healing capacity. The plant-produced bFGF exhibited slightly greater cell viability compared to the non-treated control and a modest increase in cell proliferation. The analysis of the dose-response curve yielded an EC50 value of 0.171 ng/mL highlighting the bioactivity and potency of plant-produced bFGF. These results demonstrate the efficacy of plant-derived bFGF in promoting cellular activities and facilitating wound closure, underscoring its potential for wound healing applications. However, further validation through preclinical and clinical studies is warranted.