Single-Center Experience of Tracheobronchoplasty for Tracheobronchomalacia: Perioperative Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: We present trends in practice as our experience has grown and report the postoperative morbidity and its associated factors after tracheobronchoplasty.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 161 patients who underwent tracheobronchoplasty from October 2002 to September 2016. The main outcome was development of a postoperative complication within 30 days of the operation. Postoperative complication events were graded using the Clavien-Dindo system. The study patients were divided into two consecutive cohorts to examine trends in systems of care. Postoperative morbidity was examined using a log-binomial regression model.

RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 103 women (64%), with a median age of 58 years (interquartile range, 52 to 66 years). Postoperative morbidity occurred in 75 patients (47%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥IIIa) occurred in 38 patients (24%), most of which were respiratory in nature, including 27 (17%) with respiratory failure. Median intensive care unit length of stay was 4 days (interquartile range, 3 to 5 days), with a total length of stay of 8 days (interquartile range, 6 to 11 days). In-hospital mortality occurred in 2 patients (1%). Discharge was directly to home in 68% of patients (37% without assistance and 31% with visiting nurse follow-up) and to a rehabilitation facility in 31%. After adjusting for age, sex, race, operative time, and intraoperative blood loss, forced expiratory volume in 1 second was an independent predictor (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 0.99; p = 0.01) for postoperative morbidity.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite an arduous hospital course with significant risk of severe complication, patients undergoing tracheobronchoplasty for severe tracheobronchomalacia have low risk of mortality and most are discharged directly to home.